Pashto Medium

This page provides important and urgent messages, announcements, news, and information related to Elementary and Secondary Education Shangla in one place. It is designed to support teachers, students, clerks, headmasters, principals, and other related staff. The main purpose of this page is to share educational updates in a timely and clear manner, making access to information simple and reliable.

On this page, users can find the Seniority Lists, which helps teachers and staff review their service status and records. IMU reports are also shared here, offering information related to school monitoring and performance. Updates from the Examinations Section, including notices from ETEA and NTS/ETS, such as test schedules, results, and examination-related announcements, are regularly published for easy access.

The page also features official updates from the DEO Shangla Office and ESE Peshawar Notifications. These include information regarding promotions, demotions, transfer orders, and new appointment orders. By publishing these notices in one place, the page helps reduce the need for frequent visits to different offices and ensures that staff members stay informed about official decisions.

A wide range of documentation is available on this page to support daily administrative and academic needs. This includes documents for principals and headmasters, in-service teachers, off-service or retired employees (EEF), clerks, and students. Forms, applications, and official letters are provided to make office work more efficient and organized.

For students, the page shares model papers and merit lists to assist with exam preparation and admissions. Teachers can access publications, books, and teaching guidelines that support professional development and classroom effectiveness. In addition, advertisements, training programs, and notifications about different school activities are also published to keep the education community informed.

Important Note:
This page does not represent the DEO (M) Shangla in any official capacity. It is created solely for information purposes to help users stay updated with educational news and notices.

In summary, this page serves as a central information hub for Elementary and Secondary Education Shangla, ensuring that teachers, students, and education staff can easily access accurate and timely information whenever needed.

 The rising temperatures we are experiencing now are not just ordinary heat. This unusual warmth signals the possible arrival of El Niño, a climate pattern that can have serious consequences. As May approaches, the situation may worsen and demand urgent attention.

What is El Niño?

El Niño occurs when the water in the Pacific Ocean becomes unusually warm. This warming disrupts global wind systems and weather patterns. One major impact is on the southwest monsoon.

The monsoon, which normally brings rainfall in May, may be delayed or weakened. This change means that instead of cooling rains, we may face intense heat. Such conditions can increase the risk of droughts and heat-related illnesses.

Why This Situation is Dangerous

This heatwave is not just uncomfortable; it can be life-threatening. Even healthy individuals can suffer from heat stroke. In extreme cases, it can lead to death if not treated quickly.

High temperatures affect children, elderly people, and outdoor workers the most. However, no one is completely safe during extreme heat. Therefore, taking preventive measures is essential.

Stay Hydrated at All Times

Do not wait until you feel thirsty. Thirst is a sign that your body is already dehydrated.

Drink water every hour, even if you feel fine. Always carry a water bottle when leaving home. Ensure that children and elderly family members drink water regularly.

Avoid sugary and caffeinated drinks, as they can increase dehydration. Fresh water remains the best option to maintain body temperature.

Avoid Peak Heat Hours

The most dangerous time of the day is between 11 AM and 3 PM. During these hours, the sun’s rays are strongest and most direct.

Stay indoors whenever possible during this period. Limit outdoor activities and avoid unnecessary travel. Schools and parents should think carefully before allowing sports activities.

A child’s safety is always more important than any competition or achievement.

Choose the Right Clothing

Clothing plays an important role in protecting your body from heat. Avoid wearing dark or bright-colored clothes, as they absorb more heat.

Instead, wear light-colored cotton clothes such as white or light pink. These colors reflect sunlight and help keep your body cool. Loose-fitting clothes also improve air circulation and reduce discomfort.

Recognize Heat Stroke Symptoms

Heat stroke is a serious medical emergency. Early recognition can save lives. Watch for the following symptoms:

• Severe headache
• Fainting or dizziness
• Vomiting
• Dry skin without sweating

If someone shows these signs, act immediately. Move the person to a shaded or cool place. Use a wet cloth to cool their body. Seek medical help without delay.

Protect Animals During Heat

Extreme heat affects animals as well. Pets and stray animals suffer silently during hot weather.

Place water outside your home or near walls for animals. Provide shade wherever possible. Small efforts can save lives and reduce suffering.

Spread Awareness and Stay Prepared

Do not ignore this warning. Share this information with your family, friends, and community. Awareness is the first step toward prevention.

Preparing early can reduce risks and save lives. Simple actions like drinking water, avoiding heat, and recognizing symptoms can make a big difference.

The threat of El Niño is real and can become severe in the coming weeks. Rising temperatures and delayed rainfall create dangerous conditions.

We must act responsibly and protect ourselves and others. Staying informed and taking precautions will help us face this challenge safely.

Remember, safety begins with awareness and action.

The Petrodollar system has shaped global finance for over 50 years. It plays a central role in geopolitics and economic stability. This system explains the continued dominance of the US dollar in international trade.

The Importance of Oil in the Global Economy

Oil is the lifeblood of the modern economy. It powers transportation systems like cars, ships, and airplanes.

It is also essential for manufacturing plastics, chemicals, and fertilizers. Many countries depend on oil for electricity generation.

Because oil demand is constant, a massive global market exists. This market influences the importance of the currency used in trade.

Origins of US Dollar Dominance

The roots of dollar dominance go back to the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944.

This agreement made the US dollar the center of the global financial system. The dollar was backed by gold at that time.

In 1971, Richard Nixon ended the gold standard. This event is known as the Nixon Shock.

After this shift, the world entered the fiat currency era. Despite this change, the dollar remained dominant.

The stability of the US government supported this dominance. The size of the US economy also played a major role.

The Birth of the Petrodollar System

A key turning point came during the 1973 OPEC Oil Crisis.

Arab oil producers stopped exports to certain countries. This caused global oil prices to rise sharply.

To stabilize the situation, the US made a deal with Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia agreed to sell oil only in US dollars.

In return, the US provided military protection and support.

As the largest oil producer, Saudi Arabia influenced other OPEC nations. They also adopted dollar-based oil pricing.

This decision made the US dollar essential for global energy trade.

How the Petrodollar System Works

The Petrodollar system operates through a self-reinforcing cycle.

Universal Demand for Dollars

Every country needs oil to function. Oil purchases must be made in US dollars.

This forces nations to maintain large dollar reserves.

Economic Benefits for the US

Constant demand strengthens the US dollar. It also lowers borrowing costs for the US government.

The system gives the US strong financial influence worldwide.

Petrodollar Recycling

Oil-exporting nations reinvest their dollar earnings. They invest in US bonds, real estate, and stocks.

This process returns money to the US financial system. It further strengthens the economy.

The Future of the Petrodollar

Some countries are exploring alternatives to the dollar. Nations like Russia, Venezuela, India, and Pakistan have tested other currencies.

These include the Euro and the Chinese Yuan.

Barriers to Change

The US dollar offers unmatched liquidity and stability. It also provides strong legal protections.

Global trade systems are built around the dollar. Changing them requires major adjustments.

Gradual De-dollarization

Countries like China and Russia are adopting a gradual approach. They use local currencies in specific situations.

However, they still rely on the dollar for efficiency.

Emerging Challenges

Initiatives like the BRICS Trade Alliance challenge the system. China also uses gold strategies to strengthen its position.

Despite these efforts, the dollar remains dominant.

The Petrodollar system remains a powerful force in global finance. It supports the dominance of the US dollar worldwide.

Although challenges are increasing, a complete shift is unlikely soon.

For now, the Petrodollar continues to shape global economic and political dynamics.

 Erich von Daeniken, a Swiss author, has died at the age of 90. He became famous for promoting ancient alien theories worldwide.

Erich von Daeniken argued that extraterrestrials shaped early human civilizations. Scientists and historians strongly rejected these claims.

Early Life and Career

Erich von Daeniken was born in Switzerland and later managed hotels. During this period, he was convicted of fraud and served prison time.

After his release, his writing career expanded rapidly. His books attracted international attention and strong public interest.

Chariots of the Gods Impact

Erich von Daeniken published his influential book Chariots of the Gods? in 1968. The book suggested aliens visited Earth in ancient times.

It linked monuments like pyramids and Inca ruins to alien intervention. The book sold millions of copies across continents.

Readers described the work as controversial. Academics labeled it pseudoscience without credible evidence.

Academic Criticism

Scholars repeatedly challenged Erich von Daeniken’s interpretations. They argued ancient cultures achieved greatness without alien help.

Carl Sagan emphasized the need for extraordinary evidence. Von Daeniken never provided conclusive proof.

Major publications criticized his logical approach and assumptions. Despite this, his popularity continued growing.

Media Presence and Popularity

Erich von Daeniken released more than 40 books during his career. Erich works were translated into over thirty languages.

Television documentaries expanded his audience in Europe and America. Over 70 million books were sold globally.

His influence remained strong among science fiction enthusiasts. Supporters viewed his ideas as remarkable.

Later Projects and Views

In 2003, he opened the Mysteries of the World theme park. The park closed after three years due to financial failure.

Erich von Daeniken continued writing through his website. He predicted future contact with extraterrestrials.

A 2021 US government UFO report renewed his optimism. He believed public opinion would gradually change.

Key Facts About Erich von Daeniken

Legacy

Erich von Daeniken reshaped popular discussions about ancient history. His ideas influenced media, culture, and entertainment industries.

Critics remained unconvinced by his theories. Supporters continued exploring his interpretations of human origins.

His work ensured lasting debate between science and speculation. That debate remains relevant today.

Rising diagnoses among younger people

Early-onset bowel cancer is no longer limited to older age groups. Health data shows rising diagnoses among adults under 50. This pattern appears across Europe, North America, and parts of Asia.

In the UK, national cancer records confirm steady growth since the 1990s. Rates among people aged 25 to 49 have increased by about 3 percent yearly. Experts describe the trend as worrying.

Scientists study long-term evidence

Researchers at St Mark’s The National Bowel Hospital are leading investigations. They are analysing preserved bowel cancer samples spanning nearly 100 years. The aim is to track biological and environmental changes over time.

Professor Sarah Berry from King’s College London explained the issue to BBC. She said younger generations face higher risks than those born mid-century. People born after 1990 show nearly double the diagnosis rate.

Understanding actual risk levels

Despite increases, absolute risk remains relatively low for young adults. Current UK figures show around 12 to 15 cases per 100,000 people annually. However, growth speed concerns public health researchers.

 Early-onset bowel cancer often appears at advanced stages. Late diagnosis reduces treatment options and survival outcomes.

Lifestyle and environmental factors

• Scientists link modern lifestyles to early-onset bowel cancer patterns.
• Dietary shifts play a major role.
• High processed meat intake raises colorectal cancer risk.
• Low fibre diets also increase inflammation in the gut. 
• Sugary drinks contribute indirectly through weight gain and metabolic changes. 
• Alcohol consumption further increases cancer risk. 
• Environmental exposure is another focus.
• Studies now examine air pollution and microplastic ingestion. 
• These factors may alter gut biology over time.

The gut microbiome connection

• Research suggests lifestyle affects gut bacteria balance. 
• An unhealthy microbiome may promote tumour development.
• King’s College London works with the ZOE research platform.
• Their PREDICT studies analyse diet responses in thousands of participants.

Similar population studies support these findings internationally.

Screening gaps and prevention

• UK bowel cancer screening usually begins at age 50. 
• Younger patients often miss early detection opportunities. 
• Symptoms include blood in stool, pain, or bowel habit changes. 

These signs often appear late. 

If detected early, early-onset bowel cancer responds well to treatment. 

Around 60 percent of colorectal cases link to diet and lifestyle choices. 

Experts say prevention strategies offer hope.

A video of a human-like robot from China is trending online. The robot's face shows blinking, rapid eye movements, and subtle expressions. Many viewers compare it to the sci-fi series Westworld. The realistic design captures attention, making interactions seem nearly human.

The robot, named AheadForm Origin M1, integrates a full facial actuation system. It uses up to 25 micro motors to mimic human gestures. Moving eyes and synchronized speech enhance the robot's realism. According to the company, these features help robots convey emotions clearly.

AheadForm showcases other humanoid robots under the “Lan Series.” An elven character robot, ELF V1, is also part of their lineup. These creations demonstrate the company’s focus on blending AI with imagination.

Founder Hu Yuhang spoke about robotics in a recent interview. He predicts robots will feel almost human within ten years. In twenty years, robots could walk and perform tasks like humans. Such advancements suggest AI-driven humanoids may soon enter daily life.

The viral video shows the potential of human-like robot design. AheadForm continues developing AI robots that interact naturally with people. The rise of humanoid robotics may transform how humans communicate with machines.

The Venezuela oil industry faces an uncertain future. Recent political upheaval has sparked global interest. The nation holds the world's largest proven crude reserves. Yet its current production is critically low. This defines a stark paradox for the sector.

The Reserve Powerhouse With Broken Pumps

Venezuela's potential is enormous. It sits on roughly 303 billion barrels of oil. This constitutes about 17% of global reserves. The deposits surpass even Saudi Arabia's resources.

Most reserves are heavy crude in the Orinoco Belt. This oil is costly but technically simple to produce. Historically, output peaked at 3.5 million barrels daily. That was in the 1970s.

Today, the situation is tragic. Production has catastrophically collapsed. It now averages just 1.1 million barrels per day. This is less than 1% of worldwide output. The table below illustrates this dramatic decline:

Decades of Decline and Disrepair

Several intertwined factors caused the fall. Mismanagement and corruption drained the state company, PDVSA. Nationalization under Hugo Chávez scared away foreign investors. Firms like ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips left.

U.S. and international sanctions further crippled operations. They limited investment and access to markets. Infrastructure decayed without proper maintenance. The result is an industry in profound disrepair.

Export routes also shifted dramatically. The U.S. was once the primary buyer. Sanctions later redirected most oil to China. Recent blockades have now halted most shipments.

A Long Road to Recovery

Reviving the Venezuela oil industry requires staggering effort. Experts agree on the primary needs. Political stability is the first and foremost requirement. Investors demand credible contracts and governance.

Financial investment needed is colossal. Estimates suggest $100 billion is required. This could lift output to 4 million barrels daily. The timeline for this spans roughly a decade.

Major legal hurdles also exist. Debt restructuring is essential. Venezuela owes about $190 billion to foreign creditors. Legal battles over assets like CITGO continue.

Global Market & Strategic Implications

Short-term global oil price impact may be minimal. Current markets have a supply surplus. Venezuela's share of production is now very small.

Long-term strategic shifts are possible. More Venezuelan oil could pressure Russia. Both are major heavy crude producers. U.S. Gulf Coast refineries are optimized for this heavy grade.

China's role remains a key question. It was the top buyer under sanctions. The future of this trade partnership is now unclear. It depends on new political and commercial arrangements.

The path forward for the Venezuela oil industry is fraught with difficulty. Its vast potential is locked behind immense challenges. Stability, investment, and legal resolution are non-negotiable prerequisites. The world is watching to see if this resource giant can rise again.

The landscape of digital fame is firmly established. The most popular Pakistani TikTokers command audiences in the tens of millions. Their content shapes trends across the nation. As of January, 2026, these creators lead through multi-platform success.

List of Top Pakistani TikTokers in 2026:

1.   Jannat Mirza - (@jannatmirza)

Jannat Mirza remains the platform's undeniable queen. She boasts 25.6 million followers. Her pioneering content includes lifestyle and fashion videos. She also creates cinematic slow-motion clips. Her journey is inspiring for many.

2.   Zulqarnain Sikandar - (@ch.zulqarnain25)

Zulqarnain Sikandar follows with 17.9 million followers. He is a versatile entertainer. His comedy skits are widely popular. He often creates family vlogs with his wife.

3.   Kanwal Aftab - (@kanwal.135)

That wife is Kanwal Aftab. She holds over 15.4 million followers. Aftab gained fame through viral interview segments. She is also a prominent social media host.

4.   Sid Mr. Rapper - (@sidmr.rapper4)

Sid Mr. Rapper specializes in musical content. He has attracted 15.2 million followers. His performance-based videos resonate with a young audience.

5.   Nadeem Mubarak - (@nadeemmubarakofficial)

Nadeem Mubarak completes the top five. He is known as "Nadeem Nani Wala". He has 13.9 million consistent followers. He is a leading male figure among Pakistani TikTokers.

Frequently Asked - Questions

·       Who is the most followed Pakistani TikToker in 2026?

Jannat Mirza remains the most followed Pakistani TikToker. She has 25.6 million followers on the platform.

·       What type of content does Jannat Mirza create?

Her content focuses on lifestyle and fashion. She is famous for her cinematic slow-motion videos.

·       Who is Zulqarnain Sikandar?

He is a top creator with 17.9 million followers. He creates comedy skits and family vlogs.

·       Is Kanwal Aftab related to another top TikToker?

Yes, she is married to Zulqarnain Sikandar. She is a famous host and creator herself.

·       What makes Sid Mr. Rapper popular?

He specializes in music and performance content. This niche has earned him 15.2 million followers.

·       Why is Nadeem Mubarak called 'Nani Wala'?

He is widely known by this nickname online. It has become his recognizable brand identity.

·       Are there major female creators besides Jannat Mirza?

Yes. Kanwal Aftab and Rabeeca Khan are also highly influential. They lead in skits and beauty content.

·       Which creator is known for a unique style?

Ali Khan Hyderabadi is famous for his charismatic walking style. He has a large niche following.

·       Do these TikTokers only use one platform?

No. These top Pakistani TikTokers build a multi-platform presence. They are often on YouTube and Instagram.

·       What defines a top TikToker's success in 2026?

Success combines high follower counts and strong engagement. Consistent, niche content is also very important.

As of January, 2026, ten mainland Chinese universities lead globally. Major rankings like QS and THE recognize them. These top Chinese universities excel in research and teaching. They attract talent from across the world.

The Premier Beijing Institutions

Peking University (PKU) is often China's top-ranked. It is global #14 in recent assessments. PKU excels in natural sciences and humanities. Tsinghua University rivals it closely. Tsinghua leads globally in engineering and computer science. Both are in Beijing.

Shanghai's Powerhouses

Fudan University in Shanghai is highly regarded. It is known for social sciences and medicine. Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) is also prestigious. SJTU is a major research leader. It shines in business and engineering fields.

National Research Leaders

Zhejiang University produces high-impact research. Its engineering programs are particularly strong. University of Science and Technology China (USTC) is vital. It specializes in physics and chemistry. These top Chinese universities drive innovation.

Historic and Specialized Excellence

Nanjing University is one of China's oldest. It maintains strength across many disciplines. Wuhan University has a beautiful campus. It offers quality STEM and law programs. Harbin Institute of Technology focuses on aerospace. Its engineering research is world-class.

A Leader in Education

Beijing Normal University rounds out the list. It is a national leader in education studies. This completes the ten top Chinese universities. Their collective progress is impressive. They form a remarkable academic network.

Regional Ranking Context

Hong Kong universities also rank highly. The University of Hong Kong is global #11. This note provides important regional context. Mainland institutions continue their rapid ascent. The future for these institutions is bright.

FAQs: Top Chinese Universities 2026

1. Which university is ranked highest in mainland China?

Peking University is often ranked first. It holds global position #14.

2. What is Tsinghua University best known for?

Tsinghua is world-renowned for engineering. Its computer science programs are also top-tier.

3. Are these rankings from 2026?

Yes. These rankings are from the 2026 QS and THE assessments.

4. Which city hosts two of the top three universities?

Shanghai hosts both Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

5. What is a key strength of Zhejiang University?

ZJU is noted for very high-impact research output. Engineering is a major focus.

6. Which university is a leader in science research?

The (USTC) leads. It specializes in physics and chemistry.

7. Is Nanjing University one of the oldest?

Yes. Nanjing University is among China's oldest institutions. It is highly respected.

8. What makes Wuhan University distinctive?

It offers strong STEM and law programs. The campus is also historically significant.

9. Which institution is best for aerospace studies?

Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) is the top choice. It excels in aerospace engineering.

10. What is Beijing Normal University known for?

(BNU) Beijing Normal University is the national leader in education & psychology studies.

11. Do these rankings include Hong Kong universities?

No. This list is for mainland China only. Hong Kong institutions are ranked separately.

12. How does the University of Hong Kong compare?

The University of Hong Kong ranks very high. It placed at global #11 in 2026.

13. Which top Chinese universities are not in Beijing or Shanghai?

ZJU (Hangzhou), USTC (Hefei), NJU (Nanjing), WHU (Wuhan), and HIT (Harbin).

14. What is the main keyword for these top Chinese universities?

The main keyword is "top Chinese universities". It reflects their elite status.

15. Are these top Chinese universities good for international students?

Yes. They offer world-class programs and research opportunities for global students.

16. Which institution is strongest for business education?

Shanghai Jiao Tong University is renowned for its business excellence.

17. Is Fudan University strong in medicine?

Yes. Fudan University has highly regarded medical programs.

18. How many top Chinese universities are in this list?

There are ten universities in this official 2026 listing.

19. What is the advantage of attending these institutions?

They provide elite education and research networks. Graduates have excellent prospects.

20. Where can I find the official 2026 rankings?

Consult the official QS World University and Times Higher Education websites.